Beoric
8, 8, I forget what is for
The first two. A goblin with a template becomes an "elite" goblin. A elite goblin is worth double the experience and is the equivalent in toughness to two regular goblins.What do you mean by "counts as two creatures"? As in XP value? CR balance? One goblin sitting on the other's shoulders?
The name of the power and some of the effects are displayed in the chat. Also, players do recognize things that hurt the PCs.I agree consistency is important - maybe the most important part of being an unbiased adjudicator. Players definitely pick up when you aren't being consistent.
I'm a little more pessimistic about players than you are, I think. The idea that some players would infer mercenary past or goblin training based on a creature's ability seems... uncommon. Especially if you don't announce the abilities (i.e. if you don't say "and this wolf uses Goblin Tactics, so he gets to move a square because he missed an attack"). Like, if I were trying to establish vampire family traits, I suspect players would more inaccurately ascribe those traits to just "vampires gonna vampire" rather than "oh, they used a Dominating Gaze rather than a Hypnotic Gaze - they must be of the Sorazorra vampire family". Just my experience though.
But it is true, from the player side they might not notice mechanical similarities, so if they don't notice and I want them to know, I can hint or outright tell them. Start with "you think you have seen this fighting technique before," and maybe eventually move on to "your dogsbody remembers the Poison Spider goblins using this technique."
